Persistence of granular endosulfan in padi-field water and its implications

S. H. Ong and M. Zulkifli

Abstract

Enclosulfan residues in padi-field water increase rapidly after granule application to padi plots. From a pre-application level of 0.0-1 0.73ug/l. the movement of endosulfan from granules increased the concentration in water to. l .71-5.18 ug/La t 21 davs after application. The implications of endosulfan persistence in padi-field water were discussed in relation to its known effects on fish. acceptable daily intake (ADI), acute nd chronic human poisoning if contaminated fish were consumed. and finally tolerance limit for fish. Several suggestions were proposed to alter existing padi-field designs if padi cultivation using endosulfan ancl fish culture were to be feasible in the same location. Whatever designs are to be introduced. re-assessment is needed for the incorporation of pest control programmes with the new designs to ensure that efficacy of pest control and crop yield are maintained or improved.

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